The assessment has been done on the base of the analysis of the data obtained in the last decade on indicators of water quality of the most problematic coastal anthropogenic sources impact causing the coastal water pollution near the city of Odessa (namely, of the activated sludge plant (ASP) “Severnaia” (Nothern) as well as of the marine discharges of drainage and storm waters) and of the changes that took place within XXI century. Consequently, the following conclusions were drawn. As a result of a significant decrease in the volume of municipal sewage, the amount of suspended and organic substances, ammonium nitrogen, supplied by ASP “Severnaya” into the water environment, has decreased, whereas the quantity of nitrites and nitrates significantly has increased. Therefore, the purification technology and equipment used by the activated sludge plant (ASP) “Severnaya” needs to be modernized urgently. Along with the tendency to quality improving of the municipal sewage coming to the coastal sea area through the drainage system, one can find out too that there are cases of illegal discharge of domestic waste water into it. The uncontrolled flow of contaminated sewage through storm water drain outflows leads to a significant deterioration in the quality of sea water not only in the areas of the discharges names above, but also negatively affects the ecological situation in the entire coastal recreational zone of Odessa. Due to the illegal connections of physical and legal entities to the storm water drainage system for discharging domestic sewage, the quality of the water in the areas of storm drain outflows may deteriorate to the level of unpurified sewage waters. One can observe too that there continues to be a water discharge flow through storm water drain system even if there is no rainfalls or atmospheric fallouts. As a consequence, the actions were set to realize the aim of reducing negative influence of drainage and stormwater drainage on the quality of sea water in the coastal recreational zone of the city.
The article evaluates inputs of various natural and anthropogenic factors to the formation of water balance of Khadzhibeyskyi Liman under the present-day conditions. We discovered that in the latest decades, due to climate changes, annual deficiency in the liman’s natural water balancedoubled. In order to compensate this deficiency the liman should be replenished with water from anthropogenic sources, the most significant of which include discharge from the Pivnichna biological treatment plant and two drainage pump stations.
Study of anthropogenic factors’ impact on annual variability of the liman’s water level was carried out using a water balance model verified based on observations conducted in 2006-2010. Based on the modelling results it was found that in order to stabilize the liman’s water level and to prevent existence of long-term tendencies of its significant increase or decrease, it is expedient to discharge water from the Pivnichna biological treatment plant into the liman in May-September. During other months water can be discharged into adjacent water area of the Black Sea. In case no water discharge from anthropogenic sources is initiated but disposed into the sea instead, the yearly decline of the liman’s water level would be equal to 0.40 m on an average. Continual overthe-year water discharge from the Pivnichna biological treatment plant and other anthropogenic sources into the liman would ensure a yearly average water level rise of 0.2 m.
Introduction. Scientific and practical value of the topic is based on the influence of sea level variation on economic activity in the coastal zone.
Purpose. The purpose of this work is to study surge, seasonal and long-term level variations in the North-Western part of the Black Sea at present time.
Methods of research. Standard methods of mathematical statistics used in hydrometeorology and oceanography such as statistical, correlation and regression analyses were applied.
Results. Over the period from 1947 to 1979 increase of the sea level constituted 11 cm at the station of Odessa, and over the period from 1980 to 2012 the sea level experienced wave fluctuations with a weak negative trend. During the entire period of observation (from 1947 to 2012) the sea level rose up by 14 cm in Odessa, which corresponds to similar estimates for the entire area of the Black Sea. During the period of 1980-2012 the scope of seasonal fluctuations decreased by 25% at the station of Odessa – from 21cm to 15 cm in comparison to the period from 1947 to 1979. The analysis of surge fluctuations of the sea level showed that recurrence of significant (over 30 cm) and very significant (over 50 cm) negative surges is higher than recurrence of positive surge of the same intensity. Over the period of 1980–2012 compared to the period of 1947–1979 recurrence of significant and very significant negative surges decreased by approximately 5%–6% at the station of Odessa. These changes are due to climatic changes of wind speed and direction causing surge fluctuations in the North-Western part of the Black Sea.
Conclusions. Theoretical and practical significance of the work consists in possibility of use of these results for scientific and practical activities. Estimates of variability can be used for navigation, hydrotechnical construction purposes and for operation of hydraulic structures in the coastal area.
The work is a survey of modern mechanisms of marine environmental activities associated with the development of transport infrastructure and communications in the economic- technological and economic- organizational aspects.
In the work it is generalized the modern research and practical approaches in sphere of implementation of the Conventions on Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution in context of the European Water Directive.
The results of hydrological and hydrochemical research conducted in 2005 in island Zmeiny water area are represented and discussed. The obtained data were analyzed and compared with the data of previous years. It was shown that the run-off of the Danube produces the main impact on the hydrological and hydrochemical regime of the studied area.