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Year: 2017 / Issue: 22 (The Latest Issue)
References
- Tuchkovenko Yu. S., Sapko O. Yu. Assessment of the coastal anthropogenic pollution sources impact on water quality in north-western part of Black sea near Odessa
- Ivanov S. V., Ruban I. G., Palamarchuk Yu. O. Quantitative precipitation forecast with radar data assimilation in the HARMONIE model
- Slizhe M. O., Semenova I. G. Spatiotemporal distribution and meteorological characteriatics of hot dry winds in Ukraine at the end of XX ‒ beginning of XXI century
- Serga E. N., Serga I. N. Zones of interactions within the near-surfase layer of the atmosphere in North Atlantic. November
- Khokhlov V. M., Sirichenko K. S., Umanska O. V. Climate change impact on cold spells in Ukraine
- Ivanova E. V. Testing of parameterizations of turbulence of the boundary layer of the atmosphere over the ocean surface
- El Hadri Yo., Khokhlov V. M. Regional climatic models verification for wind speed and cloudiness in Morocco
- Лобода Н. С., Пилип’юк В. В. Climate changes and their possible consequences in formation of water quality (on the example of Psyol and Vorskla rivers)
- Tuchkovenko Yu. S., Kushnir D. V., Hryb O. M. Modelling of wind-induced circulation of water and water level denivellation in the Kuialnytskyi Lyman lagoon
- Kruglyak Yu. А., Kostritskаya L. S. Thermoelectric phenomena and devices in the generalized model of electron transport
- Gerasymov O. I. Entropy analysis for local structure of granular matter
- Kruglyak Yu. A., Shtefan N. Z. Heat transfer by phonons in the generalized transport model
Papers
The assessment has been done on the base of the analysis of the data obtained in the last decade on indicators of water quality of the most problematic coastal anthropogenic sources impact causing the coastal water pollution near the city of Odessa (namely, of the activated sludge plant (ASP) “Severnaia” (Nothern) as well as of the marine discharges of drainage and storm waters) and of the changes that took place within XXI century. Consequently, the following conclusions were drawn. As a result of a significant decrease in the volume of municipal sewage, the amount of suspended and organic substances, ammonium nitrogen, supplied by ASP “Severnaya” into the water environment, has decreased, whereas the quantity of nitrites and nitrates significantly has increased. Therefore, the purification technology and equipment used by the activated sludge plant (ASP) “Severnaya” needs to be modernized urgently. Along with the tendency to quality improving of the municipal sewage coming to the coastal sea area through the drainage system, one can find out too that there are cases of illegal discharge of domestic waste water into it. The uncontrolled flow of contaminated sewage through storm water drain outflows leads to a significant deterioration in the quality of sea water not only in the areas of the discharges names above, but also negatively affects the ecological situation in the entire coastal recreational zone of Odessa. Due to the illegal connections of physical and legal entities to the storm water drainage system for discharging domestic sewage, the quality of the water in the areas of storm drain outflows may deteriorate to the level of unpurified sewage waters. One can observe too that there continues to be a water discharge flow through storm water drain system even if there is no rainfalls or atmospheric fallouts. As a consequence, the actions were set to realize the aim of reducing negative influence of drainage and stormwater drainage on the quality of sea water in the coastal recreational zone of the city.
- Tuchkovenko Yu. S., Ivanov V. A., Sapko О. Yu. Otsenka vliyaniya beregovykh antropogennykh istochnikov na kachestvo vod Odesskogo ragiona severo-zapadnoy chasti Chernogo morya [Assessment of the coastal anthropogenic sources impact on water quality in north-western part of Black Sea near Odessa]. Marine Hydrophysical Institute of NASU, Od. State Environmental Un-ty, Sevastopol: SPC “EKOSI-Gidrofizika”, 2011. 169 p.
- Tekhnologiya ochistky stochnykh vod [Technology of sew-age treatment]. Infoksvodokanal: http://infoxvod.com.ua/ information/tehnologiya_ochistki_stochnih_vod
- Tuchkovenko Yu. S., Sapko O. Yu. Vìsn. Odes. derž. ekol. unìv. – Bull. of OSENU, 2011, vol. 12, pp. 178-191. http://bulletin.odeku.edu.ua/uk/category/2011-uk/12-uk/#post-2956 (In Russian)
- Tuchkovenko Yu. S., Visochanskaya Yu. V. Shortcomings of the EIA project of the deep sea offshore sewage disposal “Severnaya”. Ekolohiya mist ta rekreatsiynykh zon: zbirnyk dop. ta statei Vseukr. Naukovo-praktychn. Konf. (m. Odesa, 31 travnia – 1 chervnia 2012r. [Ecology of cities and rec-reation areas: Coll. of reports and articles of Allukr. scien-tific practical conf. (Odessa, May 31 – June 1, 2012)]. Odessa: INVAZ, 2012, pp. 120-123 (In Russian)
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- Levkovska V. Yu. Tavria Med. & Biolog. Bulletin, 2013, vol. 16, № 4 (64), pp. 99-102. (In Ukrainian)
- Mykhailiuk O. L. Scientific bulletin. Odesa State Ekon. Unìv. All Ukrainian Association of Young Scientists. Sci-ences: Economics, Politology, History, 2015, no. 1 (221), pp. 104-116 (In Ukrainian)
- Project of the marketable discharge permits of the slipped return waters discharge by “Infoksvodokanal” branch into the inner waters the Black Sea and the Dnister river. SE “UkrSRNI”, Odessa, 2010, 209 p. (In Russian)
- Diatlov S. Ye., Patlatiuk Ye. G., Nikanorov V. A., Adobovskii V. V. et al. Kachestvo drenazhnykh vod, livnevykh i stochnykh vod, sbrasyvaiemykh v more i Khadzibeyskii li-man [Quality of the drainage, fall-out & waste waters discharged into the sea and the Khadjibay coastal lake]. Odes-sa: INVAZ, 2002, pp. 69-73.
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- Goncharov A. Yu. Raznitsa mezhdu “SBO” kurilshchika” i “SBO zdorovogo cheloveka” [Difference between “an activated sludge plant (ASP) smoker” and “an activated sludge plant (ASP) healthy man”]. Publication work of March 29, 2016 in the public group: Khadjibay coastal lake – rehabilitation and development: https://www.facebook.com/ groups/125941511079338/?fref=ts
- Khimiko-bakteriologicheskiye pokazateli ochishchenykh vod, sbrasyvayemykh stantsiey biologicheskoy ochistki “Severnaia” v Chernoye more po sostoyaniyu na 29.02.2016, 14.03.2016, 14.04.2016 [Chemico-bacteriological indicators of the purified waters, discharged by the activated sludge plant (ASP) “Severnaia” (Nothern) into the Black Sea as on Mar 5, 2016, Mar 14, 2016, Apr 14, 2016.]: http://infoxvod.com.ua/information/ kachestvo_ochistki_stochnih_vod
- Smradnyie reki, musornyie berega [Stinking rivers and littered river-banks]: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=nIvXEpM2fMI
- Abusam A., Shahalam A. B. Wastewater reuse in Kuwait: Opportunities and constraints. The Sustainable City VIII, 2013, vol. 2, pp. 745-754. https://www.researchgate.net/ publiction/269058606_Wastewater_reuse_in_Kuwait_Opportunities_and_constraints (accessed 10.08.2017).
- Sandeep Kumar Gautam, Divya Sharma, Jayant Kumar Tripathi, Saroj Ahirwar, Sudhir Kumar Singh. A study of the effectiveness of sewage treatment plants in Delhi region. Appl Water Sci, 2013, no. 3, pp. 57–65. http://link.springer.com.sci-hub.io/article/10.1007/s13201-012-0059-9 (accessed 10.08.2017).
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The further development of the data assimilation system in the operational numerical convective-permitted HARMONIE model is presented. Radar measurements of reflectivity are included in the observational model. In the focus of the study is the following: firstly, the general contribution of radar data assimilation into quantitative forecasts of precipitation; secondly, comparison of the results of numerical experiments obtained with the use of various pre-processing methods of reflectivity in a measurement tracking system. Two methods of pre-processing, such as “simple thinning” and “superobservation” are applied for reducing the amount of input data. Comparison of test numerical experiments with radar data versus reference one, in which the radar measurements are not included in the data assimilation module, is performed, The results show that accounting reflective characteristics of the atmosphere at the model initial conditions allows to increase the accuracy of microphysical processes simulations due to correction of the moisture content in the middle troposphere. For a severe precipitation event, the test experiments provide estimates of 10 mm / 12 hours higher in comparing to the control one. Vertical profiles of moisture content show that the major changes occur in the layer between 850 and 600 hPa. In the precipitation core, rain rate increases roughly at a value of 5-7 mm / h. Correction of moisture content in the middle troposphere leads to increasing quantitative precipitation estimates at the surface and approaching them to retrospective analysis values. However, the results of numerical experiments are sensitive to the choice of a pre-processing approach and internal parameters. Optimization of this choice by accounting for the resolution of the model grid and spatial features of the atmospheric flow will be performed at the next stage of the study.
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- Liu Z. Q. Rabier F. The potential of high-density observations for numerical weather prediction: a study with simu-lated observations. Quart. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 2003. no. 129, pp. 3013–3035.
- Desroziers G., Ivanov S. Diagnosis and adaptive tuning of information error parameters in a variational assimilation. Quart. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 2001, no. 127, pp. 1433–1452.
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- Bengtsson L., Andrae U., Aspelien T., Batrak Yu., Calvo J., de Rooy W., Gleeson E., Hansen-Sass B., Homleid M., Hortal M., Ivarsson K.-I., Lenderink G., Niemelä S., Nielsen K.P., Onvlee J., Rontu L., Samuelsson P., Muñoz D. S., Subias A., Tijm S., Toll V., Yang X., Køltzow M. O. The HARMONIE-AROME model configuration in the ALADIN-HIRLAM NWP system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 2017, no. 145, pp. 1919-1935.
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The hot dry winds in Ukraine are dangerous phenomenon, which can significantly impact to crop yields. This winds damages of crops, which active development occurs in the spring and summer time. Their impacts during the short time can reduce or destroy the future harvest.
The modern research of spatial and temporal distribution of the hot dry winds and its meteorological characteristics on the territory of Ukraine in the current changed climate is an actual problem, because this phenomenon occurs almost every growing season.
In the paper describes the features of spatiotemporal distribution of the hot dry winds over Ukraine from April to August for the period of 1995-2015. The results of the analysis of interannual variability and seasonal frequency of the dry hot wind with different duration are presented for the stations, located in different agro-climatic zones of Ukraine. The average monthly, medium-term values of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed during dry wind were analyzed.
The average monthly, medium-term values of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed under dry wind were analyzed. The values for maximum temperature, minimum relative air humidity and maximum of hot dry winds speed at stations were selected. The average temperature during the formation of hot dry winds matter most in Steppe zone, with its maximum value in individual locations reached 40 °C.
The average relative humidity during the hot dry winds varies little during the growing season, the lowest values were recorded in spring in Polesie and forest-Steppe zone and in summer in Steppe zone.
In all agro-climatic zones of greatest average speed of hot dry winds is observed in April. The maximum speed of hot dry wind in some stations reached 18 m/s.
Also there were analyzed the directions of the hot dry winds. The hot dry winds directions is vary considerably in agro-climatic zones and months, but prevailing directions is identify directions of southern and eastern quadrant, corresponding to the southern and western periphery of anticyclones.
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- Semenova I. G. An estimation of spatial and temporal distribution of drought in Ukraine during the vegetation period. Trudy GGO im. A. I. Voeykova – Proceedings of Voeikov Main Geophisical Observatory, 2014, no. 571, pp. 135-147. (In Russian)
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- Cherenkova E. A., Semenova I. G., Kononova N. K., Titko-va T. B. Droughts and dynamics of synoptic processes in the south of the East European Plain at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Arid Ecosystems, 2015, vol. 5, issue 2, pp. 45-56.
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To reveal the zones of active interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean in the North Atlantic and to determine the regions causing a significant impact on formation of features of climatic response regimes in the Eastern Europe methods of cluster and component analysis were applied as influencing factors representing characteristics of heat and moisture exchange in the near-surface layer before including them in the imitation model.
Each node of a greed grid of 2,5º 2,5º of the North Atlantic identifies the first three main components describing more than 80% of the total dispersion of the processes of interaction between the underlying surface and the adjacent layer of the atmosphere.
Homogeneous regions were defined in the fields of the main components of the vectors of state of meteorological characteristics in the near-surface layer of the atmosphere in the North Atlantic using the Universal iterative method of data clustering. The article includes a physical and statistical analysis of obtained clustering schemes having a good scientific justification. It shows that the clusters of the first main component have a large-scale nature while the second and third components are of a focal character. Clusters are characterized by the intensity of the processes of interactions in the near-surface layer. The intensity of such processes is characterized by the distribution and values of the weight loads, the mean values of representative vectors and the intracluster dispersion. It determines that the first main component makes the main contribution to the formation of the most of initial meteorological values and the third main component reflects the influence of local features on the interaction processes.
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The article is devoted to testing of parameterizations of turbulent processes in the atmospheric boundary layer on the basis of different methods of closure of differentiation equations system over the ocean surface which is currently used in numerical weather forecast models. These methods include models from the first up to 1.5th closure orders. The models of the first order closure include those having diagnostic equations for turbulence coefficients which were obtained from the models of high order closure requiring use of kinetic energy of turbulent vertical velocity fluctuations subject to availability of a stable boundary layer of the atmosphere. Verification of successful use of turbulence parameterization schemes is made on the basis of actual material consisting of the annual sample data of standard meteorological and aerological observations conducted during the first global experiment on the ocean station “C” in 1978-1979. Quantitative fit with field data was evaluated using coefficients of correlation and difference for each of the seasons and for the whole year. Qualitative analysis was carried out on the basis of comparison of averaged profiles for each month of the year and the time course of meteorological values at reference levels.
The work includes check of reproduction of vertical profiles of wind speed and air temperature modulus in the atmospheric surface layer. Characteristics of the latter are obtained using the parameterization of Kazakov-Lykosov which implies merging of universal functions of Businger-Dyer to avoid rupture of the latter when dealing with cases of unstable stratification.
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- Zhao C, Liu X, Qian Y, Yoon J, Hou Z, Lin G, McFarlane S, Wang H, Yang B, Ma PL, Yan H, Bao J A sensitivity study of radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere to cloud-microphysics and aerosol parameters in the community atmosphere model CAM5. Atmos Chem Phys, 2013, 13, no 21, pp. 10969–10987.
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- Englberger Antonia,·Dörnbrack Andreas. Impact of Neutral Boundary-Layer Turbulence on Wind-Turbine Wakes: A Numerical Modelling Study. Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 2017, 162, no 3, pp. 427-449.
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Currently the annual increase in demand for electricity in Morocco is estimated as 6 %. On the other hand, 100 % of all hydrocarbons consumed in the Morocco are imported. For this reason, the goverment of Morocco has adopted a program for a phased transition from traditional oil and gas energy sources to renewable energy resources. Therefore, the availability of the most reliable information about the future state of the climate is a strategically important point in the development of Morocco’s economy. Today, information about future climate conditions is possible through climate models.
The goal of this study is to verify the regional climate model (RCM) simulation results for the monthly surface wind speed, monthly daily maximum surface wind speed and monthly total cloud fraction in Morocco.
For the RCM verification, retrospective simulations for the period 2011-2016 were used. To verify the RCM projections for wind speed, observations at the five meteorological stations (Sidi Ifni, Tangier, Oujda, Rabat, Meknes) were used as actual series; all the stations are located in different parts of Morocco. For comparison, the results of model simulations at the points closest to the meteorological stations were chosen. As input observations of monthly cloud fraction, the observational data from the satellites Terra and Aqua were used.
Analysis showed that the averages by model ensemble and actual series have similar values. The RCMs provide better results for the modeled wind speed at stations located in flat areas in comarison to stations located in mountains or on coasts with a curved coastline. At the same time, it can be argued that the models do not sufficiently take into account local effects leading to the formation of a cloud regime in certain regions. As an example, the results of verification of cloud patterns in the Sidi Ifni area can be used.
Generally, despite the fact that the models in different regions of Morocco reflect the climatic parameters with varying degrees of accuracy, their results can be used in order to analyze future states of the climate system in this region.
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In the given work the actual scientific and methodical questions of the estimation of the influence of modern changes of climatic characteristics on the formation of structural hydrochemical composition of surface waters and indicators of river water quality were investigated.
The basis of the calculations is the research of changes in the basic hydrochemical parameters (chlorine ions, sodium, magnesium, iron, silicon, and also concentrations of oxygen dissolved in water, phosphates, nitrites, nitrates, mineralization) of the water of the Psyol and Vorskla rivers and quantitative estimates of the suitability of the water of given rivers for the main ways of water usage.
The main pollutants were also identified, the degree of pollution of water by individual chemicals in the form of multiplicity of exceeding the normative maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) was estimated and the relation between the level of pollution of the river and the existing abiotic factors of the aquatic ecosystems is shown.
The tendency towards reduction of water resources according to the climate scenario A1B is determined as well as growth of air temperatures during the warm and cold time of the year. Inter-connection of these factors with processes of water quality formation is shown. The obtained results showed the existence of important connections between the above-described climatic and hydrological factors as well as hydrochemical and qualitative characteristics of the surface mode of water bodies of the Dnipro river.
The scientific value of obtained results is particularly valuable because the studied watercourses (the Psyol and Vorskla rivers) have a transboundary status and a special mode for the usage of quantitative and qualitative indicators of their aquatic and biological resources within the limits of international environmental legislation.
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Results of 3D hydrodynamic computations are presented to analyse the wind-induced circulation of water and the skewness in the heights of water level marks in the Kuialnytskyi Lyman Lagoon under stationary winds with the speed of 5 m/s and various directions.
The computations were performed using a Delft3D-FLOW model on a curvilinear grid. The model was verified against the data obtained from synchronous measurements of the water level variability, which were conducted at three different points on the lagoon water surface in 2016.
It was found that under winds, which are longitudinal to the meridional lagoon axis, strong, extensive and unidirectional in depth currents are formed along the depth slope in the coastal regions. The direction of these extensive currents corresponds to the meridional component of the wind velocity vector. Gradient compensative bottom currents, directed inversely to the wind direction, are formed along the longitudinal axial line of the lagoon.
Under transversal to the meridional lagoon axis winds, strong, extensive alongshore currents in the central and southern parts of the lagoon are not formed; drift currents and intensity of barotropic circulation on the lagoon water surface weaken; spatial structure of the barotropic water circulation is characterized by the presence of a multitude of small-scale cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies.In the southern and central parts of the lagoon, between its western and eastern shores, circulating cells in the vertical plane are formed in the water column.
It is shown that even relatively weak winds can significantly change the water surface area of the lagoon and thus influence the evaporation volumes.
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In the tutorial review article intended for researchers, university lecturers and students the thermoelectric Seebeck and Peltier phenomena are considered in the framework of a generalized transport model due to R. Landauer, S. Datta, and M. Lundstrom of modern nanoelectronics within the “bottom – up” approach. The Wiedemann – Franz law and Lorenz numbers as well as the four transport coefficients (specific resistivity, Seebeck and Peltier coefficients, and electronic thermal conductivity) are also qualitatively discussed. Referring to a 3D resistor in the diffusion regime the thermoelectric cooler and energy power generator are analyzed with an account of only electrons as real current carriers as well as with artificial but useful electron/hole conception. Coefficient of performance, power factor and figure of merit for thermoelectric devices are introduced and defined. How transport coefficients depend on the properties of electrotermics are also discussed. Qualitative dependence of the Seebeck coefficient and electronic conductivity from the position of the Fermi level relative to the bottom of the conduction band is demonstrated. Maximization of the power factor near the bottom of the conduction band is shown. As the Fermi level approaches to the bottom of the conduction band and then moves up, the Seebeck coefficient decreases. At the same time, the electronic conductivity increases due to the appearance of an increasing number of conductivity modes. Their product is the power factor, which is maximal in the vicinity of the bottom of the conduction band. The position of the maximum for a specific electrotermics is dependent on the band structure of the conductor and the physics of its scattering centers. It is shown why in practice we try by doping the semiconductor to shift the Fermi level closer to the bottom of the conduction band.
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We apply phenomenological approach based on statistical mechanical concept in the form of Kirkwood-Buff arguments to describe the structural parameters of 2D binary granular mixture. By use of the scale-invariant model for radial distribution function first introduced in [1], we derive expression for correlational integrals which necessarily include geometrical parameters which characterize the properties of the local structure. In particular, expression for the packing fraction has been obtained analytically. We have also obtained the relation between macroscopic properties, such as entropy excess, and parameters of local structure, namely the packing fraction. Entropy excess and entropy difference for states spanning an interval of η = [0.8175 – 0.8380] has been performed and analyzed by means of contrast mapping. Calculations demonstrate nonmonotonic behavior of the entropy excess and, in particular, shows presence of the minimum of Sexc at η= 0.8209. From the excess entropy difference we estimate the entropy production, associated with the transition between different configurational states with an individual local symmetries. Developed approach (because of the scale invariant character of the model measure of state) has been proposed for use with systems that have an isomorphic morphology of the local structure.
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On the basis of Landauer – Datta – Lundstrom transport model the generalized model of heat transfer by phonons is formulated. Similarly to the Fermi window for electron conductivity the concept of the Fermi window for phonon conductivity is introduced and used to obtain the general expression for the lattice thermal conductivity with the quantum of thermoconductance appearing at the very beginning. There are emphasized the similarity and differences in the construction of the theory of electron conductivity and the theory of heat conduction. There are discussed the thermal conductivity of the conductors, the physical sense of proportionality between the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity at constant volume, the relationship between the transmission coefficient and the mean-free-path, the calculation of the number of phonon modes and density of phonon states, the Debye model of heat conductivity and scattering of phonons, the temperature dependence of the lattice thermal conductivity, the difference between the lattice thermal conductivity and electron conduction, and quantization of thermal conductivity.
In the present review it is emphasized that the concepts used to describe the electron transport can be successfully transferred to the phonon transport. And in both cases the Landauer approach, generalized subsequently by Datta and Lundstrom, allows a quantitative description of transport processes in conductors of any dimension and in all modes of transport from diffusive to ballistic. Lattice thermal conductivity and electronic conductivity are described very similar as far as the shape of corresponding equations. There are, however, two significant differences related to the physics of electron and phonon processes which are also emphasized in the review.
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