To reveal the zones of active interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean in the North Atlantic and to determine the regions causing a significant impact on formation of features of climatic response regimes in the Eastern Europe methods of cluster and component analysis were applied as influencing factors representing characteristics of heat and moisture exchange in the near-surface layer before including them in the imitation model.
Each node of a greed grid of 2,5º 2,5º of the North Atlantic identifies the first three main components describing more than 80% of the total dispersion of the processes of interaction between the underlying surface and the adjacent layer of the atmosphere.
Homogeneous regions were defined in the fields of the main components of the vectors of state of meteorological characteristics in the near-surface layer of the atmosphere in the North Atlantic using the Universal iterative method of data clustering. The article includes a physical and statistical analysis of obtained clustering schemes having a good scientific justification. It shows that the clusters of the first main component have a large-scale nature while the second and third components are of a focal character. Clusters are characterized by the intensity of the processes of interactions in the near-surface layer. The intensity of such processes is characterized by the distribution and values of the weight loads, the mean values of representative vectors and the intracluster dispersion. It determines that the first main component makes the main contribution to the formation of the most of initial meteorological values and the third main component reflects the influence of local features on the interaction processes.
Introduction. At present critical environmental situation on Kuyal’nik Liman can be stated. The main danger for the estuary is its gradual drying. That is the result of global warming, reduction rivers inflow, sand extraction on its shores. Actuality of the work caused by the need of determining the future state of water resources of Kuyal’nik Liman watershed under global climate changes on the base of climate scenarios.
The aim of investigation is choice of global warming scenario (A1B or A2), the data of which have the great agreement with actual data.
Research methods. Method of calculation is based on a mathematical model “climate-runoff “, developed at the Odessa State Environmental University.
The main results. For determination of possible climate change scenarios A1B and A2 were selected. For modeling the air temperature and precipitation on meteorological stations Odessa, Razdel’naya, Zatish’e, Lyubashevka were used. Temperature regime is described with the same accuracy according to the both model REMO (scenario A1B) and the model RCA3 (scenario A2). Description quality of moisturizing regime is better in the model REMO.
Conclusions. For reception of reliable results in the calculation of the flow characteristics on scenarios data its recommend to use all grid nodes, which are located on the investigated catchment or close to it.
Using statistical analysis of observables from the 38 stations for the second half of 20-th century, the spatiotemporal features for changes of climatic fields have been determined for surface temperature and precipitation at left-bank Ukraine.
It is considered, that process of photosynthesis in a leaf is subdivided into two stages – diffusion of molecules CO2 from air to the centers of carboxylation in a cell and a biochemical cycle of photosynthesis in chlorоplasts. Influence of factors of an environment on photosynthesis of a leaf is estimated.
In the work, changes in mean month air temperature for 12 months of the period from 1951 till 2000 years were studied on the territory of left-bank Ukraine. Changes in mean month air temperature according to climate standard rate (1961 – 1990 years) were analyzed.
The quantitative estimation of the impact from three large scale interannual atmosphere-ocean circulation systems, namely the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El-Nino South Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), to spatial-temporal variability of air surface temperature (AST) and surface pressure (SP) in the Mediterranean-Black sea region has been obtained. It was confirmed that the spatial-temporal variability of the first two empirical modes of AST and SP during the autumn-winter season is affected by the NAO. The ENSO is mainly pronounced in the second AST EOF mode in July-August and November-December. The joint influence of all three oscillations is most remarkable during January-February. During those months the NAO, ENSO and IOD contribute about 60% in the total temperature dispersion and more than 40% in the total pressure dispersion.